The need for change in India’s education system has long been felt. Given changing technology, new career options, global competition, and diverse student interests, a policy was needed that would make education more practical, flexible, and future-oriented.
With this vision, the National Education Policy was implemented in 2020. After nearly 34 years, such a major and comprehensive reform was undertaken in the education sector. This policy is not limited to schools, but impacts colleges, universities, and research institutes. Therefore, it is important for every student to understand it.
Why was a new education policy needed?
Previously, the 1986 education policy was in effect in the country. The world changed over time, but the pace of change in the education system remained slow. Students were pressured to memorize, there was less freedom to choose subjects, and practical skills were not emphasized enough. In today’s times, a degree alone is not enough; skills and critical thinking are equally important. To address this shortcoming, the National Education Policy 2020 was introduced, ensuring that education focuses on the holistic development of students.
5+3+3+4 Model: A Major Change in School Education
The most significant change in the new policy is the structure of school education. Previously, there was a 10+2 system, but now it has been changed to a 5+3+3+4 model.
The first five years will be the foundation stage, which includes three years of preschool and grades 1-2. This will be followed by three years of the preparatory stage (grades 3-5), then three years of the middle stage (grades 6-8), and finally four years of the secondary stage (grades 9-12).
The aim of this change is to strengthen the early education of young children. More emphasis will now be placed on play-based and activity-based learning, which will improve children’s thinking and understanding abilities.
Importance of Studying in Mother Tongue
NEP 2020 encourages studying in the mother tongue or local language up to Grade 5 (and where possible, up to Grade 8). Research shows that children understand subjects better in their own language. This strengthens their foundational understanding and helps them learn with confidence.
However, this does not mean that the importance of English or other languages has been diminished. Promoting multilingual education is a key part of this policy, so that students can excel at national and international levels.
Subject Flexibility and Multidisciplinary Education
Previously, students were divided into streams such as Arts, Science, and Commerce. But now these boundaries are being eliminated. Students can choose different subjects according to their interests. For example, a student can study Music with Mathematics or History with Computer Science.
This change will give students the opportunity to identify and develop their talents. Education will no longer be just a means to pass exams, but a means to acquire knowledge and skills.
Reforms in Board Exams
The new education policy plans to make board exams less stressful and more practical. Exams may now be offered twice a year, and question papers will be based on understanding and analysis rather than memorization.
This will reduce unnecessary pressure on students and allow them to focus on in-depth understanding of the subject. Additionally, the evaluation system will be made more transparent and consistent.
Multiple Entry and Exit System in Higher Education
At the college level, NEP 2020 introduces a major change in the form of a “multiple entry and exit system.” Undergraduate courses can now be of three or four years. If a student drops out, they will receive a certificate accordingly.
A certificate will be awarded after completing one year, a diploma after two years, a bachelor’s degree after three years, and a research-based degree after four years. This will ensure students’ hard work is not wasted and will provide them with flexibility to pursue their careers.
Skill Development and Vocational Education
NEP 2020 proposes to introduce vocational education from grade 6 onward. Students can learn various skills through internships, such as coding, handicrafts, electronics, agriculture, or other local businesses.
This will increase students’ self-reliance and improve employment opportunities. The purpose of education is not only to find a job, but also to promote entrepreneurship and innovation.
Digital Education and the Use of Technology
In today’s digital age, technology has become an important part of education. The new policy promotes online learning, virtual labs, and the use of digital resources. This will enable students living in remote areas to receive quality education.
The government aims to make education more accessible and effective through technology. This will further modernize learning in the future.
What does this policy mean for students?
NEP 2020 opens new opportunities for students. They can now choose subjects of their interest, earn certifications even if they drop out, and develop practical skills. This will boost their confidence and help them better navigate their careers.
However, any new policy takes time to fully implement. However, its positive impact will be evident in the coming years.
Conclusion
The National Education Policy 2020 is a historic step towards making the Indian education system modern, flexible, and inclusive. This policy aims to empower students to be creative, self-reliant, and globally competitive. If you’re a student, it’s time to understand your options and take advantage of new opportunities. Education is no longer limited to just obtaining a degree; it has become a journey of holistic development.
